Tunnel contractors can choose whether to use cement or chemical grouts. To help them out, Britt Babcock discusses both types, which to use, when to use them and why...and an idea of how much it will all cost.
This paper is about the current uses of chemical grouts, the economics of product use, and a discussion of where specific products within a category can be used.
In recent years, federal and state regulations and mandates to reduce sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) have resulted in requiring better maintenance and operating practices for wastewater utilities.
The more we learn about our sewer systems, the more we discover how much customer service lines contribute to the expensive problem of groundwater infiltration.